‘Slashing’ refers to a mechanism used in Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain networks to penalise validators (or stakers) who engage in malicious or negligent behaviour. The primary goal of slashing is to maintain the integrity and security of the network by discouraging and punishing actions that could harm it.
In PoS networks, validators are responsible for validating transactions and blocks, and they are selected to propose and verify blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they have staked (locked up) as collateral. If a validator is found to be acting against the best interests of the network, they can be ‘slashed’, meaning a portion of their staked cryptocurrency is forfeited or destroyed. The severity of the penalty typically depends on the nature of the violation.
For example, if a validator signs two different blocks for the same position in the blockchain, it is considered double signing. This is a serious offense, as it can lead to network forks or instability. Validators are also expected to be online and actively participating in the network, and if a validator goes offline or fails to fulfil their duties for an extended period, they can be penalised.
Aside from the financial loss, slashing can also harm a validator’s reputation, reducing their chances of being selected as a validator in the future.
