DeFi & L1L2 — Pump.fun dominates Solana’s fee generation; SEC to introduce a tokenized stock regulatory framework
Pump.fun dominates Solana’s fee generation. SEC to introduce a tokenized stock regulatory framework. THORChain, Verus Protocol, and Echo Protocol suffered exploits.

Key Takeaways
- Pump.fun dominated Solana’s fee generation.
- The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is reportedly preparing to introduce an “innovation exemption” regulatory framework for trading tokenized stocks, potentially as early as this week.
- CME Group and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) urged U.S. lawmakers and the CFTC to heighten regulatory scrutiny of Hyperliquid.
- Aave restored the loan-to-value (LTV) ratios for WETH across six blockchain networks as a pivotal step in its recovery plan following an rsETH-related incident.
- THORChain confirmed a $10 million exploit affecting 12,847 wallets across multiple chains caused by a vulnerability in its threshold signature scheme implementation.
- Verus Protocol’s Ethereum bridge suffered an exploit resulting in the theft and conversion of approximately $11.5 million in assets into Ether.
- Bitcoin DeFi platform Echo Protocol experienced a 1,000 unauthorized eBTC (around $77 million) minting attack on its Monad deployment via a compromised admin key.
Weekly DeFi Index
This week, the market cap and volatility indices grew +0.16% and +61.33%, respectively, while the volume index dropped -17.25%.
- Recent news highlighted several updates linked to Hyperliquid (HYPE):
- On-chain data indicates a wallet linked to venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) aggressively accumulated HYPE.
- Bitwise Asset Management launched the Bitwise Hyperliquid ETF (BHYP) on the NYSE, offering spot exposure to HYPE alongside staking yields managed by its in-house infrastructure division.
- CME Group and ICE urged U.S. lawmakers and the CFTC to heighten regulatory scrutiny of Hyperliquid, citing concerns that its anonymous, 24/7 trading of synthetic traditional assets (particularly crude oil perpetual contracts) could distort global commodity benchmarks and facilitate sanctions evasion.
- Aave (AAVE) restored the loan-to-value (LTV) ratios for WETH across six blockchain networks, a pivotal step in its recovery plan following an rsETH-related incident. This restoration re-enables users to borrow against WETH collateral and execute debt swaps, unlocking liquidity restricted during the crisis response. Aave (AAVE) also introduced a governance proposal for a principal-preserving charitable layer, enabling depositors to allocate protocol-generated yield directly to humanitarian organizations while retaining full control and liquidity of their original capital.
Chart of the Week
In April, Pump.fun (including PumpSwap) emerged as Solana’s largest fee generator, contributing over $64 million — approximately one-third of the network’s $195 million in total app fees. This performance demonstrates notable resilience despite a broader slowdown in the meme coin sector. However, despite its dominant position, the platform’s fee generation dropped 44% between January and April 2026. In contrast, Axiom, a high-performance trading dapp featuring MEV protection, saw 37% growth during the same period.
News Highlights
- Crypto.com’s UAE entity, Foris DAX Middle East FZE, was granted a Stored Value Facilities (SVF) license by the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE), the first such approval for a VASP in the UAE. This milestone enables Crypto.com to activate its partnership with the Dubai Department of Finance, allowing UAE residents to pay government fees using virtual assets. Transactions will settle in dirhams or CBUAE-approved dirham-backed stablecoins under the SVF framework, aligning with the Dubai Cashless Strategy.
- SEC Chair Paul Atkins signaled a shift toward new regulatory frameworks for on-chain markets and AI-driven finance, aiming to modernize oversight for decentralized technologies.
- Société Générale expanded its digital asset operations by integrating with the Canton Network to facilitate tokenized collateral and stablecoin transactions, a major move toward institutional interoperability and the modernization of traditional financial settlement layers.
- Fidelity International partnered with Chainlink and Sygnum to tokenize its Fidelity USD Digital Liquidity Fund (FILQ) money market fund, using decentralized oracles to provide real-time transparency and cross-chain accessibility for institutional-grade investment products.
- The Ethereum Foundation unveiled a "Clear Signing" standard to make smart contract interactions human-readable. The standard is intended to reduce the risk of users inadvertently approving malicious transactions by providing greater transparency at the wallet level.
- Circle introduced Agent Stack, a developer toolset enabling autonomous AI agents to perform USDC transactions. This initiative aims to bridge the gap between AI and DeFi, facilitating automated on-chain commerce.
- Ronin, the gaming-focused blockchain behind Axie Infinity, transitioned from an independent sidechain to an Ethereum L2 network. This shift improves the network's security profile and aligns its scaling roadmap more closely with the broader Ethereum ecosystem.
- Zcash is set to roll out quantum-recoverable wallets within a month, targeting full quantum-proofing by 2027. This proactive approach aims to safeguard privacy-centric assets against future quantum advancements.
- LayerZero Labs admitted fault for the $292 million Kelp DAO exploit in April, reversing its initial claim that blamed victim misconfiguration. The company acknowledged it "made a mistake" by allowing its Decentralized Verifier Network (DVN) to operate in a vulnerable "1-of-1" configuration, creating a single point of failure.
- TrustedVolumes, a market maker and resolver used by 1inch Fusion and other protocols, confirmed a security breach resulting in the loss of approximately $6.7 million in digital assets on Ethereum network.
Recent Research Reports
Our latest analysis reveals a significant advantage: these instruments act as "predictive oracles," frequently signaling TradFi market direction ahead of Monday's opening bell. | April 2026 saw a strong, broad-based "risk-on" recovery led by U.S. equities. Crypto, Commodities, and Real Estate posted notable gains, while Bonds remained largely flat. Gold was the only major asset to decline, though its YTD return remains positive. | We present to you our latest issue of Research Roundup, featuring our analysis on Real-World Asset Perpetuals and April's market review and outlook. |
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